冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业是指开采、烧结金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)属(shu)矿石并(bing)对其进行冶(ye)炼(lian)、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)属(shu)材料的工(gong)(gong)(gong)业部(bu)(bu)门(men)(men)。分为(wei)：(1) 黑色冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业，即生产(chan)铁(tie)、铬、锰(meng)及(ji)其合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)业部(bu)(bu)门(men)(men)，它主(zhu)要为(wei)现代工(gong)(gong)(gong)业、交通运输、基本建设和军事装备提供原(yuan)材料；(2) 有色冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业，即生产(chan)非黑色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)属(shu)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)属(shu)炼(lian)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)业部(bu)(bu)门(men)(men)，如炼(lian)铜工(gong)(gong)(gong)业、制铝工(gong)(gong)(gong)业、铅锌(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业、镍(nie)钴工(gong)(gong)(gong)业、炼(lian)锡工(gong)(gong)(gong)业、贵(gui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)属(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业、稀有金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)属(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)业等(deng)部(bu)(bu)门(men)(men)。

在(zai)冶炼钢铁行(xing)业(ye)广(guang)泛应用的石(shi)墨电(dian)极(ji)，主要以石(shi)油(you)焦、针(zhen)状焦为(wei)原料(liao)，煤沥青作结合(he)剂，经煅烧(shao)、配(pei)料(liao)、混捏、压型、焙烧(shao)、石(shi)墨化、机(ji)加工而制成(cheng)，是在(zai)电(dian)弧(hu)炉(lu)(lu)中(zhong)以电(dian)弧(hu)形式释放(fang)电(dian)能对(dui)炉(lu)(lu)料(liao)进(jin)行(xing)加热(re)熔化的导(dao)体，根据其质量指标高(gao)低，可分(fen)为(wei)普通功(gong)(gong)率、高(gao)功(gong)(gong)率和功(gong)(gong)率。