大功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)：开(kai)始功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)和上升功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)大的(de)(de)选择影响着石(shi)墨化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)质(zhi)量(liang)和电耗，开(kai)始功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)大上升功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)快，石(shi)墨化(hua)(hua)炉升温就(jiu)快，下达(da)同样的(de)(de)电量(liang)，通(tong)电时(shi)间就(jiu)可以(yi)缩短，减少了热量(liang)损失(shi)，这(zhei)样有利于降低(di)石(shi)墨化(hua)(hua)品的(de)(de)电阻率(lv)(lv)。

高电流(liu)密度：电流(liu)密度越(yue)(yue)大，炉(lu)(lu)芯温度就越(yue)(yue)高，产(chan)品的石(shi)墨(mo)化程度就越(yue)(yue)好。目前大型石(shi)墨(mo)化炉(lu)(lu)的炉(lu)(lu)芯电流(liu)密度倾向于(yu)提高到(dao)2A/cm2以上，从而使通电后期的炉(lu)(lu)芯温度达到(dao)2600℃以上。

快(kuai)曲线：快(kuai)曲线是指以(yi)最短的送电(dian)时间完成(cheng)计划(hua)用(yong)电(dian)量，减(jian)少了(le)炉(lu)子表面的热损失(shi)，提高了(le)炉(lu)温(wen)，并(bing)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)电(dian)耗。石墨化(hua)炉(lu)通(tong)入炉(lu)内的电(dian)流(liu)和电(dian)压是随着通(tong)电(dian)过程(cheng)的进行在相(xiang)当大的范围内变化(hua)的，如(ru)开始(shi)通(tong)电(dian)时，因(yin)炉(lu)芯电(dian)阻比较大，启用(yong)的电(dian)压比较高，但电(dian)流(liu)不大，以(yi)后炉(lu)温(wen)逐渐(jian)(jian)上升,炉(lu)芯电(dian)阻逐渐(jian)(jian)下(xia)降(jiang)，输人(ren)(ren)到炉(lu)内的电(dian)流(liu)不断增加，为了(le)保持规定的电(dian)功率，就需(xu)要相(xiang)应的降(jiang)低(di)输人(ren)(ren)电(dian)压。

在(zai)石墨化(hua)通(tong)电(dian)过程中，电(dian)流(liu)(liu)、电(dian)压(ya)、功率和功率因数都会(hui)在(zai)一(yi)定范围内发生(sheng)变化(hua)，其变化(hua)趋势如下(xia):电(dian)流(liu)(liu)。送电(dian)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)，由(you)于(yu)炉(lu)内电(dian)阻(zu)料(liao)和保温(wen)料(liao)含有水分，因此(ci)(ci)炉(lu)阻(zu)较(jiao)大，电(dian)流(liu)(liu)上(shang)升得较(jiao)慢(man)。到(dao)了送电(dian)中期(qi)(qi)，制品处于(yu)结(jie)构转(zhuan)变阶(jie)段(duan)，要(yao)求(qiu)升温(wen)速(su)率适(shi)当控制，此(ci)(ci)阶(jie)段(duan)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加缓慢(man)。送电(dian)后期(qi)(qi)，要(yao)求(qiu)炉(lu)芯温(wen)度快(kuai)速(su)升至高温(wen)，电(dian)流(liu)(liu)可(ke)迅速(su)增(zeng)至最大值，并(bing)且要(yao)求(qiu)恒定一(yi)定时间。

电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)。通电(dian)(dian)(dian)开(kai)始时，炉(lu)(lu)芯电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)较大，必须馈入一(yi)定(ding)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)值，炉(lu)(lu)芯才能通过适当电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。当炉(lu)(lu)体水分(fen)蒸发完(wan)毕以后，炉(lu)(lu)阻(zu)才到(dao)达正(zheng)常(chang)值，此时电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值也上升到(dao)一(yi)个峰值。以后电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)随(sui)着炉(lu)(lu)阻(zu)的(de)逐渐(jian)衰(shuai)减而降低(di)，直至停止送电(dian)(dian)(dian)。

功(gong)率(lv)。送(song)电(dian)前期(qi),不断调节升(sheng)高电(dian)压档次，来保证(zheng)功(gong)率(lv)上升(sheng)。送(song)电(dian)中期(qi)，电(dian)流逐(zhu)(zhu)渐(jian)(jian)增大，功(gong)率(lv)也随着(zhe)逐(zhu)(zhu)渐(jian)(jian)上升(sheng)。到送(song)电(dian)后(hou)期(qi)，功(gong)率(lv)随着(zhe)电(dian)流的逐(zhu)(zhu)渐(jian)(jian)增大而自由上升(sheng)到最大值(zhi)恒定一段时间以(yi)后(hou)，再(zai)逐(zhu)(zhu)渐(jian)(jian)下降至(zhi)停(ting)炉。

功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因数(shu)。送(song)电(dian)初(chu)期和中(zhong)期,直流(liu)石墨化炉(lu)的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因数(shu)较高，一(yi)般为(wei)(wei)0.96左右，送(song)电(dian)后期，当炉(lu)阻不(bu)断下(xia)降，功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因数(shu)也随(sui)着(zhe)下(xia)降，待(dai)由串联到并联后，功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因数(shu)才又提高到送(song)电(dian)初(chu)期的水平，之(zhi)后又逐渐下(xia)降到送(song)电(dian)结(jie)束为(wei)(wei)止。