石墨课堂—内串式石墨化炉
内串(chuan)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化炉的(de)应(ying)用(yong)结束了艾奇逊石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化炉一统天下(xia)的(de)局(ju)面。“内串(chuan)”石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化为内热串(chuan)接石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化,又称纵向石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化,即不用(yong)电(dian)阻料,电(dian)流直接通过由焙烧炭(tan)块纵向串(chuan)接的(de)电(dian)极(ji)柱产(chan)生高温使其(qi)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化的(de)生产(chan)工艺(yi)(yi),其(qi)工艺(yi)(yi)示意图如下(xia):

内串式石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)炉是(shi)一种(zhong)不用电(dian)阻料、电(dian)流(liu)直(zhi)接通过(guo)由(you)数(shu)根焙(bei)烧(shao)品(pin)纵向串接的(de)(de)电(dian)极柱所产(chan)生的(de)(de)高(gao)温使其(qi)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)的(de)(de)电(dian)加热炉,其(qi)关键技术为串接、加压(ya)和通电(dian)。中型串接石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)炉的(de)(de)供电(dian)装置由(you)一台(tai)自(zi)耦调压(ya)变(bian)压(ya)器(qi)和一台(tai)带平衡电(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)正反星形整流(liu)电(dian)路组成,输(shu)出直(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)压(ya)可调范(fan)围为30~200V,最(zui)(zui)大输(shu)出直(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)流(liu)为120kA,石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)的(de)(de)焙(bei)烧(shao)品(pin)直(zhi)径为 300~600mm,通过(guo)焙(bei)烧(shao)品(pin)的(de)(de)电(dian)流(liu)密度为35~50A/cm3,通电(dian)时间(jian)为6~12h.最(zui)(zui)高(gao)温度可达3000℃,每吨焙(bei)烧(shao)品(pin)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)电(dian)耗为3150kWh。

大型串接石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨化炉(lu)的变(bian)压(ya)器(qi)、整(zheng)流(liu)柜(ju)及开关(guan)等(deng)全部(bu)装在可移动的台车(che)上(shang),石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨化炉(lu)则固定(ding)在地面上(shang),通过大电流(liu)水冷母线与需通电的石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨化炉(lu)连接,整(zheng)流(liu)柜(ju)输(shu)出(chu)功率为22000kVA直流(liu)输(shu)出(chu)电压(ya)为35~210V,最(zui)大输(shu)出(chu)直流(liu)为120kA,石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨化的焙烧品直径(jing)为400~600 mm,炉(lu)子全长 24.5 m,其中(zhong)炉(lu)芯长 21 m。

“内串”石墨化(hua)工艺具有如下特点:内热(re)(re),“内热(re)(re)”是不用电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻料(liao),电(dian)(dian)(dian)流沿焙烧(shao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)的(de)轴(zhou)向通入电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji),以电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)本身作为发热(re)(re)体(ti)直接加(jia)热(re)(re);串接,即将(jiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)沿其轴(zhou)线头对头地(di)串联(lian)起(qi)来;通电(dian)(dian)(dian)时间短,一般是10h左(zuo)右;产品质量均匀;电(dian)(dian)(dian)耗低;石墨化(hua)温度高;石墨化(hua)程(cheng)度高;工艺操作简(jian)化(hua),劳动条件得到改善(shan)。