石(shi)墨棒具(ju)有良好的(de)导电(dian)(dian)性，石(shi)墨是碳(tan)的(de)一(yi)种同(tong)素(su)异形体，其晶(jing)体结构(gou)(gou)(gou)为(wei)层状结构(gou)(gou)(gou)。在(zai)每一(yi)层内，碳(tan)原子(zi)(zi)以共价键结合形成正六边形的(de)环状结构(gou)(gou)(gou)，并且(qie)每个碳(tan)原子(zi)(zi)都(dou)有一(yi)个未参与成键的(de)自(zi)由电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)。这(zhei)些自(zi)由电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)可以在(zai)层内自(zi)由移动，当在(zai)石(shi)墨棒两(liang)端施(shi)加电(dian)(dian)压(ya)时，自(zi)由电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)就会定(ding)向移动形成电(dian)(dian)流，从而(er)使石(shi)墨棒能(neng)够导电(dian)(dian)。

导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)良好(hao)：虽然石墨的(de)(de)(de)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)不如(ru)金属（如(ru)铜(tong)、银等），但在(zai)非金属材料(liao)中，它的(de)(de)(de)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)是比较(jiao)(jiao)突出的(de)(de)(de)，能够满足一(yi)些对(dui)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)有(you)一(yi)定要求的(de)(de)(de)应用场景。各(ge)向异性(xing)(xing)：由(you)于(yu)石墨的(de)(de)(de)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)状结构，其导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能具(ju)有(you)各(ge)向异性(xing)(xing)。在(zai)平行于(yu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)方向上(shang)，自由(you)电(dian)(dian)子可以较(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)自由(you)地移(yi)动，导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)较(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)；而在(zai)垂(chui)直于(yu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)方向上(shang)，由(you)于(yu)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)与层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之间的(de)(de)(de)结合力相对(dui)较(jiao)(jiao)弱(ruo)，电(dian)(dian)子的(de)(de)(de)移(yi)动受到(dao)一(yi)定阻(zu)碍，导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)相对(dui)较(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)。

实际应用(yong)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)材(cai)料：在电(dian)(dian)(dian)解、电(dian)(dian)(dian)镀等(deng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)学过程中(zhong)，石墨(mo)棒常被(bei)用(yong)作电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)。例如，在电(dian)(dian)(dian)解水制取氢气和(he)氧(yang)气的(de)(de)实验中(zhong)，石墨(mo)棒可(ke)以作为阳极(ji)或(huo)阴(yin)极(ji)，传(chuan)(chuan)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，促使(shi)水电(dian)(dian)(dian)解反应的(de)(de)进行(xing)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)领域：在一些电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)，石墨(mo)棒也有(you)应用(yong)。例如，在干电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)，石墨(mo)棒通常作为正极(ji)的(de)(de)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料，与二氧(yang)化(hua)锰等(deng)正极(ji)活性物质混合(he)，起到收集和(he)传(chuan)(chuan)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。