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石墨模具主要应用

 石墨模具主(zhu)要在以下方面得到(dao)了广泛的(de)应用:

  有(you)(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)属连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)铸造(zao)(zao)及半(ban)连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)铸造(zao)(zao)用石(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)具(ju)(ju):国内外正在(zai)推广由熔融(rong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)属状态直(zhi)接连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)(或(huo)(huo)半(ban)连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)的)制造(zao)(zao)棒材或(huo)(huo)管材等先进的生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)方法(fa)。人造(zao)(zao)石(shi)墨(mo)作(zuo)为有(you)(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)属的连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)铸造(zao)(zao)或(huo)(huo)半(ban)连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)铸造(zao)(zao)用模(mo)具(ju)(ju)被认为是最合(he)适(shi)的材料。在(zai)生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)实践(jian)证明,由于采用了石(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)具(ju)(ju),因其导热性(xing)能良好(导热性(xing)能决定了金(jin)(jin)(jin)属或(huo)(huo)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)的凝固(gu)速度(du)(du)),模(mo)具(ju)(ju)的自润滑性(xing)能好等因素,不但(dan)使铸型速度(du)(du)提高,而且由于铸锭(ding)的尺(chi)寸精确,表(biao)面(mian)光滑,结(jie)晶组织均匀(yun),可直(zhi)接进行下道工序的加工。这不仅大(da)大(da)提高了成(cheng)品(pin)率(lv),减少了废品(pin)损失,而且产(chan)(chan)品(pin)质量也有(you)(you)大(da)幅度(du)(du)的提高。连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)铸造(zao)(zao)方法(fa)有(you)(you)立(li)式连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)铸造(zao)(zao)法(fa)和卧(wo)式连(lian)(lian)续(xu)(xu)(xu)铸造(zao)(zao)法(fa)两种。

  离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)用石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)具:石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)已(yi)成功应用于离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)上。美国已(yi)采(cai)用壁(bi)厚为25毫(hao)米以上的人造(zao)(zao)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)铸(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)(mo)来离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)青铜(tong)套管(guan)。为了(le)防(fang)止人造(zao)(zao)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)的烧(shao)损,可采(cai)取一(yi)定的防(fang)氧化措施。浇铸(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)定数(shu)量的铸(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)后(hou),如果(guo)发现铸(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)(mo)内(nei)表面烧(shao)损,可以将(jiang)铸(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)(mo)内(nei)孔的尺(chi)寸扩大以便用来铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)大规格套管(guan)。

  玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)成(cheng)型用(yong)模具:由于(yu)石墨材料(liao)具有化学稳定性(xing),不易受熔(rong)融玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的浸(jin)润,不会改变(bian)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的成(cheng)分,石墨材料(liao)耐热冲击性(xing)能(neng)良好(hao),尺寸(cun)随温度变(bian)化小等特点,所以近年来在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)制(zhi)造中成(cheng)为(wei)不可缺(que)少的模具材料(liao),可以用(yong)它来制(zhi)造玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)管,弯管,漏斗及其(qi)它各种异型玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)瓶的铸(zhu)模。

  加压铸(zhu)造(zao)用模具:人造(zao)石墨材料(liao)已成功地用于有(you)色金(jin)属的(de)(de)加压铸(zhu)造(zao)上。例如,用人造(zao)石墨材料(liao)制造(zao)的(de)(de)加压铸(zhu)造(zao)用模具生产的(de)(de)锌合金(jin)和铜合金(jin)的(de)(de)铸(zhu)件(jian)已用于汽车(che)零(ling)件(jian)等方面。

  热(re)(re)压压模(mo)模(mo)具(ju):人造石墨热(re)(re)压压模(mo)用于硬(ying)质合金的加(jia)压烧结(jie)方面具(ju)有下述(shu)特点:一是(shi)若压制温度提高(gao)到(dao)1350-1450度时(shi),则所需单(dan)位(wei)压力可降到(dao)67-100公斤力/平方厘米(即(ji)为(wei)冷压压力的1/10)就(jiu)可;二是(shi)加(jia)压和加(jia)热(re)(re)在同一道工(gong)序进行,经短时(shi)间的烧结(jie)就(jiu)能(neng)得到(dao)致密的烧结(jie)体。

  烧结(jie)(jie)模及(ji)其它金(jin)(jin)刚(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)烧结(jie)(jie)模具(ju)(ju)(ju):利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人造(zao)(zao)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)材料(liao)热变(bian)形(xing)极小(xiao)的(de)特点,可制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)晶体管的(de)烧结(jie)(jie)模具(ju)(ju)(ju)和支架,现已广泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),它已成为发(fa)展半导(dao)体工业不可缺少的(de)材料(liao)。此(ci)外,石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)模具(ju)(ju)(ju)也使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)铸(zhu)铁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)铸(zhu)型,各种有(you)(you)(you)色金(jin)(jin)属(shu)(shu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)耐(nai)久性(xing)铸(zhu)模,铸(zhu)钢用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)铸(zhu)型,耐(nai)热金(jin)(jin)属(shu)(shu)(钛,锆,钼等(deng))用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)铸(zhu)型及(ji)焊(han)钢轨用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)铝(lv)热焊(han)型的(de)铸(zhu)型等(deng)。热压(ya)(ya)烧结(jie)(jie)金(jin)(jin)刚(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)工具(ju)(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)模具(ju)(ju)(ju),在金(jin)(jin)刚(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)工具(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)过程中担负着(zhe)发(fa)热元件(jian)(jian)和模具(ju)(ju)(ju)支撑的(de)双重作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)模具(ju)(ju)(ju)质量(liang)的(de)优劣,直接(jie)影响到金(jin)(jin)刚(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)工具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)尺寸(cun)(cun)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、外观形(xing)状(zhuang)等(deng)。热压(ya)(ya)烧结(jie)(jie)工艺要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)达(da)到(1000±2)℃,成型压(ya)(ya)力16~50MPa,保温(wen)保压(ya)(ya)时间为15~30min,环境为非真空状(zhuang)态(tai)。在此(ci)工况(kuang)条件(jian)(jian)下,既要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)成型及(ji)发(fa)热元件(jian)(jian)的(de)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)模具(ju)(ju)(ju)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)导(dao)电(dian)性(xing)、较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)电(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)、足够的(de)机械强(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du),还需要(yao)(yao)其具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)氧化性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和较(jiao)(jiao)长的(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)寿命,以确(que)保金(jin)(jin)刚(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)工具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)尺寸(cun)(cun)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和优异性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。目前,西方(fang)发(fa)达(da)国(guo)家(jia)金(jin)(jin)刚(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)工具(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)模具(ju)(ju)(ju)材料(liao),主要(yao)(yao)为超(chao)细颗粒结(jie)(jie)构(gou)、高(gao)(gao)纯度(du)(du)(du)(du)和高(gao)(gao)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)材料(liao),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)其平(ping)均粒径(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)15μm,甚(shen)至(zhi)10μm以下,中等(deng)气(qi)孔尺寸(cun)(cun)小(xiao)于(yu)2μm。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)炭(tan)素原料(liao)做成的(de)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)模具(ju)(ju)(ju),气(qi)孔率(lv)小(xiao)、结(jie)(jie)构(gou)致密、表面光洁度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)、抗(kang)(kang)氧化性(xing)较(jiao)(jiao)强(qiang),平(ping)均使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)寿命可达(da)30~40次。金(jin)(jin)刚(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)模具(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)材质硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao),抗(kang)(kang)氧化性(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao),加工精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)特点,采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)优质石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)原材料(liao)大大延长了(le)模具(ju)(ju)(ju)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)寿命和提高(gao)(gao)了(le)抗(kang)(kang)氧化性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。

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