模(mo)具(ju)(ju)在家(jia)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、汽车、机(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、航空航天等工(gong)业(ye)(ye)领域(yu)日益(yi)成(cheng)为工(gong)业(ye)(ye)化批量(liang)生产(chan)的(de)主要工(gong)艺设备，承担了这些工(gong)业(ye)(ye)中60%-90%的(de)产(chan)品零部件(jian)的(de)加工(gong)生产(chan)。近年来高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)铣(xian)(xian)削突破(po)了传(chuan)统铣(xian)(xian)削难以(yi)加工(gong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)硬、高(gao)(gao)(gao)强、高(gao)(gao)(gao)韧模(mo)具(ju)(ju)材(cai)料的(de)限制。但(dan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花加工(gong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)加工(gong)精(jing)度和表面质量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，可加工(gong)范围宽(kuan)，特(te)别是(shi)在复杂(za)、精(jing)密(mi)、薄壁、窄缝、高(gao)(gao)(gao)硬材(cai)料的(de)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)型腔加工(gong)中的(de)优(you)势是(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)铣(xian)(xian)削所(suo)不能比(bi)(bi)拟(ni)的(de)，因此放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加工(gong)将(jiang)仍然(ran)是(shi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)型腔加工(gong)的(de)主要手段(duan)。由于石(shi)墨(mo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(与(yu)铜(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)(bi))有(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极消(xiao)耗少、放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加工(gong)速(su)度快、机(ji)械加工(gong)性(xing)能好、重(zhong)量(liang)轻(qing)、热(re)膨(peng)胀系数小等优(you)越性(xing)，逐(zhu)渐代(dai)替(ti)铜(tong)(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极成(cheng)为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加工(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极的(de)主流(liu)(liu)。石(shi)墨(mo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极与(yu)铜(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)(bi)，有(you)(you)着消(xiao)耗少、放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度快、重(zhong)量(liang)轻(qing)以(yi)及热(re)膨(peng)胀系数小等优(you)越性(xing)，因此逐(zhu)渐代(dai)替(ti)铜(tong)(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极成(cheng)为放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加工(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极的(de)主流(liu)(liu)。相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)(bi)之下，石(shi)墨(mo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极材(cai)料具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)以(yi)下优(you)势：

　　1.速度(du)快(kuai)：石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)放电(dian)比(bi)铜快(kuai)2-3倍，材料不易(yi)变(bian)形(xing)，在薄筋(jin)电(dian)极的加工上优势明显，铜的软化点在1000度(du)左右，容易(yi)因受热而(er)(er)产生变(bian)形(xing)，石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)的升华温度(du)为3650度(du)左右，相比(bi)而(er)(er)言(yan)，石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)材料热膨胀系数只有铜材的1/30；

　　2.重量轻：石墨(mo)的密度只有铜的1/5，大型(xing)电极(ji)进行放电加工(gong)时，能有效降低机床(EDM)的负担，更(geng)适用(yong)于大型(xing)模具的应用(yong)；

　　3.损耗小：由(you)于火花(hua)油中(zhong)含有C原(yuan)子，在放(fang)电(dian)加工时(shi)，高温(wen)导致火花(hua)油中(zhong)的(de)C原(yuan)子被分解(jie)出来，而在石墨电(dian)极的(de)表面形(xing)成保护膜，补偿(chang)了石墨电(dian)极的(de)损耗；

　　4.无毛(mao)(mao)刺：铜(tong)电极在加工(gong)结束后(hou)，还需手工(gong)进行去除毛(mao)(mao)刺，而石墨加工(gong)后(hou)没有毛(mao)(mao)刺，这不但节(jie)约了大量的成本和(he)人力，同时更容易实现自动化生产(chan)；

　　5.易(yi)抛光：由于石(shi)墨的切(qie)削阻力(li)只有铜(tong)材的1/5，操作(zuo)上更容易(yi)进行手工研磨和抛光；

　　6.成本(ben)低：由于(yu)近几年铜(tong)材(cai)价格不断上涨，如(ru)今(jin)，各方面同性(xing)石墨的(de)价格比铜(tong)的(de)更低；相同体(ti)积下石墨产品的(de)价格比铜(tong)低百(bai)分(fen)之三十(shi)到六十(shi)，价格比较稳(wen)定，短期价格波动相对来讲(jiang)比较小。